COL1A1::PDGFB fusion-associated uterine fibrosarcoma: A case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal neoplasms of the uterus encompass a diverse group of tumors, with varying characteristics and origins, collectively accounting for 8% of uterine malignancies. The most common variants include uterine leiomyosarcoma, low-grade and high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, adenosarcoma, and undifferentiated sarcoma. Clinical presentation is often nonspecific and can lead to delayed diagnosis. Uterine sarcomas are generally aggressive, resulting in poorer prognosis compared to carcinomas. Recent advances in molecular techniques, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), have led to the identification of new subtypes of uterine sarcomas, including COL1A1::PDGFB fusion-associated fibrosarcoma, which has a specific chromosomal translocation t(17;22)(q22;q13). Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is an effective treatment for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), marked by this translocation. CASE: We present the case of a 42-year-old woman diagnosed with COL1A1::PDGFB fusion-associated uterine fibrosarcoma. The patient underwent total hysterectomy and excision of the tumor, initially misdiagnosed as a low-grade leiomyosarcoma. Subsequent histological examination, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed the diagnosis. After 10 months, disease recurrence was detected, and Imatinib therapy was initiated at a dose of 400 mg daily. An allergic reaction led to a temporary discontinuation, but upon resumption with appropriate medication, a positive radiological response was observed. The patient achieved a complete remission after 2 years and is still on Imatinib treatment. CONCLUSIONS: COL1A1::PDGFB fusion-associated uterine fibrosarcoma is an extremely rare mesenchymal neoplasm. In a case we present herein, we treated a patient with imatinib as first-line medical therapy. The patient is currently in complete remission after 37 months from treatment start. To the best of our knowledge, this represents a unique observation. We also provide a detailed literature review of the published cases so far. Prospective case series are needed to further understand the natural history of these tumors and optimize treatment strategies.

NALIRIFOX, FOLFIRINOX, and Gemcitabine With Nab-Paclitaxel as First-Line Chemotherapy for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: The NAPOLI 3 trial showed the superiority of fluorouracil, leucovorin, liposomal irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (NALIRIFOX) over the combination of gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel (GEM-NABP) as first-line treatment of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Analyses comparing NALIRIFOX and GEM-NABP with fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) have not yet been reported. Objective: To derive survival, response, and toxic effects data from phase 3 clinical trials and compare NALIRIFOX, FOLFIRINOX, and GEM-NABP. Data Sources: After a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and American Society of Clinical Oncology and European Society for Medical Oncology meetings' libraries, Kaplan-Meier curves were extracted from phase 3 clinical trials conducted from January 1, 2011, until September 12, 2023. Study Selection: Phase 3 clinical trials that tested NALIRIFOX, FOLFIRINOX, or GEM-NABP as first-line treatment of metastatic PDAC and reported overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) curves were selected. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses of Individual Participant Data reporting guidelines. Data Extraction And Synthesis: Individual patient OS and PFS data were extracted from Kaplan-Meier plots of original trials via a graphic reconstructive algorithm. Overall response rates (ORRs) and grade 3 or higher toxic effects rates were also collected. A pooled analysis was conducted, and results were validated via a network meta-analysis. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was OS. Secondary outcomes included PFS, ORR, and toxic effects rates. Results: A total of 7 trials with data on 2581 patients were analyzed, including 383 patients treated with NALIRIFOX, 433 patients treated with FOLFIRINOX, and 1756 patients treated with GEM-NABP. Median PFS was longer in patients treated with NALIRIFOX (7.4 [95% CI, 6.1-7.7] months) or FOLFIRINOX (7.3 [95% CI, 6.5-7.9] months; [HR], 1.21 [95% CI, 0.86-1.70]; P = .28) compared with patients treated with GEM-NABP (5.7 [95% CI, 5.6-6.1] months; HR vs NALIRIFOX, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.22-1.73]; P < .001). Similarly, GEM-NABP was associated with poorer OS (10.4 [95% CI, 9.8-10.8]; months) compared with NALIRIFOX (HR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.00-1.39]; P = .05], while no difference was observed between FOLFIRINOX (11.7 [95% CI, 10.4-13.0] months) and NALIRIFOX (11.1 [95% CI, 10.1-12.3] months; HR, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.81-1.39]; P = .65). There were no statistically significant differences in ORR among NALIRIFOX (41.8%), FOLFIRINOX (31.6%), and GEM-NABP (35.0%). NALIRIFOX was associated with lower incidence of grade 3 or higher hematological toxic effects (eg, platelet count decreased 1.6% vs 11.8% with FOLFIRINOX and 10.8% with GEM-NABP), but higher rates of severe diarrhea compared with GEM-NABP (20.3% vs 15.7%). Conclusions and Relevance: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, NALIRIFOX and FOLFIRINOX were associated with similar PFS and OS as first-line treatment of advanced PDAC, although NALIRIFOX was associated with a different toxicity profile. Careful patient selection, financial toxic effects consideration, and direct comparison between FOLFIRINOX and NALIRIFOX are warranted.

NUT carcinoma of the submandibular gland: A case report.

BACKGROUND: NUT carcinoma (NUTc) is a rare and aggressive malignant epithelial tumor characterized by rearrangement of the NUT gene on chromosome 15q14. METHODS: In this article, we present the fifth case worldwide of a young woman affected by a NUTc arising from a submandibular gland, presenting as a rapidly evolving mass. She underwent a right scialoadenectomy and received the initial diagnosis of high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Due to evidence of local recurrence at magnetic resonance imaging 1 month later, a subsequent right radical neck dissection was performed. The patient then sought a second opinion at our cancer center and finally received the correct diagnosis of NUT carcinoma. Given the well-known aggressive behavior of this neoplasm, as well as clinical and radiological features, she underwent adjuvant chemo-radiation (intensity-modulated radiotherapy + concurrent chemotherapy with cisplatin). RESULTS: After a disease-free interval of 2.6 months, a widespread metastatic disease led to rapid deterioration of performance status and patient death in a few weeks after metastatic onset. CONCLUSIONS: We presented a case of NUTc arising from salivary gland aiming to improve the knowledge of this rare malignancy. First, we pointed out that in the setting of rare tumors like salivary gland cancers, the diagnosis should be obtained by expert pathologists, and patients should be referred to tertiary cancer centers for their clinical management. Second, molecular profiling may help to identify possible druggable targets that may be exploited to treat patients suffering from this aggressive malignancy. Sharing the molecular data provided in this case will be useful for further research.

Exploring the Role of Immunotherapy-Based Treatments for Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Novel Driver Alterations.

BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy (IO) single agent or combined with chemotherapy (CT-IO) is the standard treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) without driver alterations. IO efficacy in patients with novel driver alterations is not well reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data of aNSCLC patients treated with IO or CT-IO in any line from January 2016 to September 2022 were retrospectively collected. Patients harboring novel driver alterations (m-cohort), including MET exon 14 skipping, BRAF (V600E or atypical), RET rearrangements, HER2 point mutations/exon 20 insertions or uncommon EGFR mutations/EGFR exon 20 insertions, and wild type patients (wt-cohort) were eligible. Clinico-pathological data were extracted from Institutional databases and compared through chi square or Fisher's exact test. Survivals were estimated through Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. RESULTS: m-cohort and wt-cohort included 84 and 444 patients, respectively. Progression free survival (PFS) was 5.53 vs. 4.57 months (P= .846) and overall survival (OS) was 25.1 vs. 9.37 months, (P < .0001) for m-cohort compared to wt-cohort. Within the m-cohort, BRAF atypical mutations had the better outcomes (Overall Response Rate [ORR], PFS), targeted agents timing did not affect response to IO and CT-IO had better ORR and disease control rate (DCR) compared to IO single agent (P = .0160 and P = .0152). In the PD-L1≥50% group, first line IO single agent resulted in inferior ORR (P = .027) and PFS (P = .022) in m-cohort compared to wt-cohort. CONCLUSION: IO based treatments seem not detrimental for patients harboring novel driver alteration. Adding CT could improve modest responses to IO alone. Confirmation on larger datasets is required.

Clinical, surgical, and pathological findings in client-owned rabbits with histologically confirmed appendicitis: 19 cases (2015-2019).

OBJECTIVE: To report clinical, surgical, and pathological findings in client-owned rabbits with histologically confirmed appendicitis. ANIMALS: 19 rabbits. PROCEDURES: Medical records for client-owned rabbits that had a histologic diagnosis of appendicitis were reviewed. RESULTS: Median age of the rabbits at presentation was 24.0 months (range, 4 to 84 months). Seventeen cases occurred during the summer and fall seasons. Decreased appetite (17/19 rabbits), abnormal rectal temperature (hyperthermia, 9/16 rabbits; hypothermia, 4/16 rabbits), hypocalcemia (8/11 rabbits), and hypoglycemia (7/15 rabbits) were common signs. Abdominal ultrasonography and CT findings were suggestive of appendicitis in 6 of 8 rabbits and in 1 of 2 rabbits, respectively. Of the 6 rabbits that received medical treatment, 3 died at 48 hours, 1 died at 24 hours after hospitalization, and 1 died at 10 days after presentation; 1 rabbit was alive at 1,030 days after presentation. Of the 8 rabbits that underwent appendectomy, 3 died before discharge from the hospital and 1 died 113 days after surgery; 4 rabbits were alive at 315, 334, 1,433, and 1,473 days after presentation. The remaining 5 rabbits either died or were euthanized before treatment could be instituted. In each of the 19 rabbits, the appendix had evidence of severe inflammation with mucosal ulceration, heterophilic inflammation, and necrotic debris. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For rabbits with decreased appetite and an apparently painful abdomen, hyperthermia, hypocalcemia, or hypoglycemia, appendicitis should be considered as a differential diagnosis. Further comparisons of medical and surgical treatments are required to establish treatment recommendations for rabbits with appendicitis.